Research

My research centers on developing robust, reliable, and scalable AI systems that address real-world challenges. I focus on creating solutions that not only advance the theoretical foundations of machine learning but also translate into practical applications with measurable impact.

I have been fortunate to collaborate with exceptional researchers and scientists from leading institutions including Microsoft Research, Google DeepMind, Amazon Science, and various national laboratories. Their expertise and guidance have been instrumental in shaping this work, and I am deeply grateful for these partnerships.

Much of this research has found its way into production systems and solutions deployed at scale, demonstrating the practical value of advancing both theoretical understanding and applied methodology in building trustworthy AI systems.

Selected Publications

Trust The Typical

Debargha Ganguly, Sreehari Sankar, Biyao Zhang, Vikash Singh, Kanan Gupta, Harshini Kavuru, Alan Luo, Weicong Chen, Warren Morningstar, Raghu Machiraju, Vipin Chaudhary

In ICLR 2026

Grammars of Formal Uncertainty: When to Trust LLMs in Automated Reasoning Tasks

Debargha Ganguly, Vikash Singh, Sreehari Sankar, Biyao Zhang, Xuecen Zhang, Srinivasan Iyengar, Xiaotian Han, Amit Sharma, Shivkumar Kalyanaraman, Vipin Chaudhary

In NeurIPS 2025

Forte: Finding Outliers with Representation Typicality Estimation

Debargha Ganguly, Warren Morningstar, Andrew Yu, Vipin Chaudhary

In ICLR 2025

All Publications

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Trust The Typical

Debargha Ganguly, Sreehari Sankar, Biyao Zhang, Vikash Singh, Kanan Gupta, Harshini Kavuru, Alan Luo, Weicong Chen, Warren Morningstar, Raghu Machiraju, Vipin Chaudhary

In ICLR 2026

Context Determines Optimal Architecture in Materials Segmentation

Mingjian Lu, Pawan K. Tripathi, Mark Shteyn, Debargha Ganguly, Roger H. French, Vipin Chaudhary, Yinghui Wu

In ICLR 2026 AI4MAT Workshop

Toward Guarantees for Clinical Reasoning in Vision Language Models via Formal Verification

Vikash Singh, Debargha Ganguly, Haotian Yu, Chengwei Zhou, Prerna Singh, Brandon Lee, Vipin Chaudhary, Gourav Datta

arXiv preprint, 2026

Reliability-Gated Source Anchoring for Continual Test-Time Adaptation

Vikash Singh, Debargha Ganguly, Weicong Chen, Sabyasachi Sahoo, Sreehari Sankar, Biyao Zhang, Mohsen Hariri, Shouren Wang, Osama Zafar, Christian Gagné, Vipin Chaudhary

arXiv preprint, 2026

Privacy Policy Enforcement Guardrails for Data-Sensitive Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Osama Zafar, Alexander Nemecek, Yiqian Zhang, Wenbiao Li, Debargha Ganguly, Vikash Singh, Vipin Chaudhary, Erman Ayday

arXiv preprint, 2026

Path-Lock Expert: Separating Reasoning Mode in Hybrid Thinking via Architecture-Level Separation

Shouren Wang, Wang Yang, Chuang Ma, Debargha Ganguly, Vikash Singh, Chaoda Song, Xinpeng Li, Xianxuan Long, Vipin Chaudhary, Xiaotian Han

arXiv preprint, 2026

Mid-Think: Training-Free Intermediate-Budget Reasoning via Token-Level Triggers

Wang Yang, Debargha Ganguly, Xinpeng Li, Chaoda Song, Shouren Wang, Vikash Singh, Vipin Chaudhary, Xiaotian Han

arXiv preprint, 2026

AgentCE-Bench: Agent Configurable Evaluation with Scalable Horizons and Controllable Difficulty under Lightweight Environments

Wang Yang, Chaoda Song, Xinpeng Li, Debargha Ganguly, Chuang Ma, Shouren Wang, Zhihao Dou, Yuli Zhou, Vipin Chaudhary, Xiaotian Han

arXiv preprint, 2026

A Survey on Agent Skills for LLMs: A Lifecycle Perspective from Construction to Ecosystems

Wang Yang, Chaoda Song, Xinpeng Li, Shouren Wang, Nengbo Wang, Yanyan Zhang, Chuang Ma, Debargha Ganguly, Vikash Singh, Shuai Xu, Jing Ma, Yu Yin, Vipin Chaudhary, Xiaotian Han

arXiv preprint, 2026

Grammars of Formal Uncertainty: When to Trust LLMs in Automated Reasoning Tasks

Debargha Ganguly, Vikash Singh, Sreehari Sankar, Biyao Zhang, Xuecen Zhang, Srinivasan Iyengar, Xiaotian Han, Amit Sharma, Shivkumar Kalyanaraman, Vipin Chaudhary

In NeurIPS 2025

Forte: Finding Outliers with Representation Typicality Estimation

Debargha Ganguly, Warren Morningstar, Andrew Yu, and Vipin Chaudhary

In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations, 2025

A Survey on Efficient Protein Language Models

Shouren Wang, Debargha Ganguly, Vinooth Kulkarni, Wang Yang, Zhuoran Qiao, Daniel Blankenberg, Vipin Chaudhary, Xiaotian Han

Preprints, 2025

LABELING COPILOT: A Deep Research Agent for Automated Data Curation in Computer Vision

Debargha Ganguly, Sumit Kumar, Ishwar Balappanawar, Weicong Chen, Shashank Kambhatla, Srinivasan Iyengar, Shivkumar Kalyanaraman, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, Vipin Chaudhary

In IEEE BigData, 2025

K^4: Online Log Anomaly Detection Via Unsupervised Typicality Learning

Weicong Chen, Vikash Singh, Zahra Rahmani, Debargha Ganguly, Mohsen Hariri, Vipin Chaudhary

In HiPC, 2025

Efficient Fine-Grained GPU Performance Modeling for Distributed Deep Learning of LLM

Biyao Zhang, Mingkai Zheng, Debargha Ganguly, Xuecen Zhang, Vikash Singh, Vipin Chaudhary, Zhao Zhang

In HiPC, 2025

Proof of thought: Neurosymbolic program synthesis allows robust and interpretable reasoning

Debargha Ganguly, Srinivasan Iyengar, Vipin Chaudhary, and Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

In The First Workshop on System-2 Reasoning at Scale, NeurIPS'24 Sys2-Reasoning, 2024

Visual Concept Networks: A Graph-Based Approach to Detecting Anomalous Data in Deep Neural Networks

Debargha Ganguly, Debayan Gupta, and Vipin Chaudhary

In 4th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 2024

Enhancing Scientific Image Classification through Multimodal Learning: Insights from Chest X-Ray and Atomic Force Microscopy Datasets

DC Meshnick, N Shahini, Debargha Ganguly, Y Wu, RH French, and V Chaudhary

In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData), pp. 2211-2220, 2023

Machine Learning Explainability from an Information-theoretic Perspective

Debargha Ganguly and D Gupta

In NeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Information-Theoretic Principles in Cognitive Systems, 2022